One of the key benefits of marine insurance is that it covers a wide range of risks, including damage caused by natural disasters, piracy, and other unforeseen events. This means that businesses can have peace of mind knowing that they are protected against a range of potential risks that could result in significant financial losses. This type of insurance is particularly important for businesses that rely on importing goods from overseas, as it provides them with financial protection against a range of risks, such as theft, damage, or loss of goods during transit. In this blog, we will discuss what marine insurance is, what different types of marine insurance are and why it is helpful for businesses that deal in importing goods.

Let’s start with the basics ..

What is Marine Insurance?

According to Section 5 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 (MIA), anyone with an insurable interest can purchase marine insurance. A marine insurance policy protects against loss or damage to goods or cargo during shipment from the point of origin to the point of destination. There are various types of maritime insurance policies available, including those for road, rail, air and sea transportation, as well as courier and postal services.

Fire, explosions, hijackings, accidents, collisions, and overturns are the most prevalent causes of marine cargo loss in transit. Marine insurance coverage may cover more than just theft, deliberate damage, shortages, non-delivery of products, damages during loading and unloading, and cargo mishandling. Coverage can be tailored to specific business needs and is offered for a wide range of cargo/goods, whether traded or manufactured.

However, it is important to note that not all marine insurance policies are the same, and it is essential to carefully review the terms and conditions of any policy before purchasing it. Factors such as the type of goods being transported, the destination country, and the value of the goods being transported can all affect the cost of the insurance policy, as well as the level of coverage provided.

Get Free Quote in Minutes

Types of Marine Insurance Policies

There are several types of marine insurance policies, including:

  1. Marine cargo insurance

Cargo owners incur the risk of cargo mishandling both at the terminal and on the ship's voyage. It's also possible that your shipment was misplaced, damaged, or lost. Marine cargo insurance is offered to protect the cargo owner from financial losses resulting from such accidents. It includes third-party liability insurance, which protects against damage caused by your cargo to the ship, port, railway track, other cargo or people.

2. Hull & machinery insurance

Without masts, the hull is the primary supporting structure of a vessel. Thus, hull insurance covers the insured in case of a ship tragedy. This type of marine insurance is often used by shipowners. Together with hull insurance, machinery insurance should be acquired to protect the ship's machinery. It protects the insured from mechanical, operational and electrical ship machinery damage. Because both components cover the entire ship, insurance companies refer to it as Hull and Machinery Insurance.

3. Liability insurance

The ship may be involved in a collision, disaster, or pirate attack. In such instances, the valuable cargo is exposed to significant risk. Furthermore, the lives of the crew and everyone on the ship are in danger. Adequate liability insurance protects the ship owner from such responsibilities induced by circumstances beyond his control.

4. Freight insurance

This type of marine insurance addresses freight loss. If the items are lost or damaged, or the ship is lost, the shipping company will not be held liable. This insurance can provide compensation for their loss.

What is Covered in Marine Insurance?

Some of the most prevalent areas covered by marine insurance are:

  • Total loss protection
  • Unpredictable administrative costs
  • Sinking, stranding, fire, and explosion
  • Earthquake or lightning strike
  • Natural disasters
  • Cargo loss during loading or unloading
  • Dumping or washing overboard
  • Accident, collision, overturning, derailment

What all are not covered by Marine Insurance?

A marine insurance policy typically does not cover the following-

  • The insured committed a willful act.
  • Normal wear and tear
  • Liquid leakage, normal weight loss /volume loss
  • Delay of goods
  • Packing is inadequate or unsuitable.
  • Unsuitability/unseaworthiness of the conveyance
  • The subject matter insured has a vice inherent in it.
  • Owners, managers or operators of the vessel defaulting on their financial obligations.

Why is Marine Insurance Important for Businesses that Deal in the Import of Goods?

Marine insurance is critically important for businesses that deal in the import of goods for several reasons:

  • Risk Mitigation: International shipping involves various risks, including damage, theft, accidents, and natural disasters. Marine insurance provides a financial safety net, mitigating the impact of these unforeseen events and offering protection against potential financial losses.
  • Legal Requirements: Many shipping contracts, both domestic and international, require the parties involved to have adequate insurance coverage. Marine insurance ensures compliance with contractual obligations and legal requirements, facilitating smooth trade transactions.
  • Financial Protection: Importing goods often involves significant financial investments. Marine insurance safeguards businesses by covering the value of the goods during transportation, helping to minimize financial losses in case of damage or loss.
  • Global Supply Chain Stability: In an interconnected global economy, disruptions in the supply chain can have far-reaching consequences. Marine insurance contributes to the stability of the global supply chain by providing assurance to businesses, financiers, and stakeholders that financial risks associated with shipping are adequately managed.
  • Enhanced Creditworthiness: Having marine insurance can enhance a business's creditworthiness. Lenders and financial institutions often view insurance coverage as a sign of responsible risk management, which can positively impact a company's ability to secure financing.
  • Customer Confidence: Importers dealing with marine insurance demonstrate a commitment to the safe and secure transportation of goods. This fosters trust among customers, suppliers, and other business partners, contributing to long-term relationships and a positive reputation in the marketplace.
  • Comprehensive Coverage Options: A marine insurance policy offers a range of coverage options tailored to the specific needs of businesses, including cargo insurance, liability coverage, and coverage for various perils. This flexibility allows businesses to customize policies to align with their unique risks and requirements.
  • Legal Liabilities: Businesses dealing in imported goods may be exposed to legal liabilities arising from damage to third parties or their property during transit. Marine insurance provides coverage for such liabilities, protecting businesses from potentially costly legal disputes.

Risk Management in Marine Insurance

Marine insurance is a crucial aspect of international trade, providing coverage for goods transported by sea. However, it is essential to manage risks to minimize losses and ensure that the marine insurance policy covers all potential hazards. This section discusses the risk management strategies that importers can implement to protect their goods during transit.

  1. Loss Prevention Measures

Loss prevention measures are proactive measures taken to reduce the likelihood of damage or loss of goods during shipment. These measures include:

  • Proper packaging: Goods should be packaged adequately to withstand the rigours of transportation. This includes using suitable materials, packing methods, and securing the goods in the container.
  • Proper labelling: Goods should be labelled correctly to ensure that they are handled and transported appropriately. Labels should include the name and address of the consignee, the port of discharge, and the nature of the goods.
  • Proper stowage: Goods should be stowed correctly to prevent damage during transportation. This includes ensuring that the weight is evenly distributed and that the goods are secured in the container.
  • Proper handling: Goods should be handled with care to prevent damage during loading and unloading. This includes using appropriate equipment and following proper procedures.

2. Security and Surveillance

Security and surveillance measures are reactive measures taken to detect and respond to any potential risks during transportation. These measures include:

  • Cargo tracking: Importers can use cargo tracking systems to monitor the location and condition of their goods during transit. This enables them to identify any potential risks and take appropriate action.
  • Insurance coverage: Importers can purchase adequate marine insurance coverage that includes theft, damage, and loss of goods during transportation. This ensures that they are protected in case of any unforeseen events.
  • Security personnel: Importers can hire security personnel to monitor the goods during transportation. This includes using security seals, conducting regular inspections, and using GPS tracking devices.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. How does one calculate the premium for marine insurance on imported goods?

The premium for marine insurance on imported goods is calculated based on several factors, including the value of the goods being imported, the mode of transportation, the distance covered, the type of coverage required and the level of risk involved. The premium can be calculated as a percentage of the value of the goods or as a fixed amount per unit of cargo.

Insurance companies may also offer discounts on premiums for importers who have a good claims history or who take steps to reduce the risk of damage or loss during transport. These steps may include using a more secure mode of transportation, such as a container ship, or taking out additional coverage for high-value goods.

2. What factors should be considered when choosing the best marine insurance provider for importing goods?

When choosing a marine insurance provider for importing goods, factors to consider include the insurer's reputation, financial stability, experience in the industry, and the scope of coverage offered. It is also important to compare premiums and deductibles to ensure that the policy offers good value for money.

3. What procedures must be followed to file a claim under marine insurance for imported goods?

In the event of loss or damage to goods, the insured must notify their insurance provider as soon as possible. The notification should include details of the loss or damage, the value of the goods, and any other relevant information. Failure to notify the insurer promptly may result in the claim being denied. Once the insurer has been notified of the loss or damage, they will appoint a surveyor to assess the extent of the damage and determine the value of the goods. The surveyor's report will form the basis of the claim settlement.

If the claim is accepted, the insurer will pay the insured the agreed amount, less any deductible or excess that may apply. It is important to note that the insured has a duty to mitigate their loss and take all reasonable steps to prevent further damage.

In the event of a dispute over the settlement amount, the insured can request an independent appraisal or seek legal advice. You will be glad to know that BimaKavach helps in the claim settlement process. However, it is always best to try to resolve any disputes through negotiation and mediation, as this can save time and money for all parties involved.

Read more about Marine Insurance

Read more about Scope of Marine Insurance